Cancer Associated and Related Autoimmune Retinopathies: Overview, Epidemiology, Clinical Findings
Cancer Associated and Related Autoimmune Retinopathies
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Paraneoplastic and autoimmune retinopathies belong to a spectrum of uncommon ophthalmic disorders in which autoantibodies directed at various retinal proteins cause progressive vision loss. [1, Two] Paraneoplastic retinopathies (PR) are characterized by retinal antibodies in the setting of an underlying malignancy, whereas autoimmune retinopathies (AR) are characterized by autoantibodies directed against retinal proteins without a known malignancy. [Three] The onset of visual symptoms and detection of antibodies may precede the diagnosis of malignancy by months to years, the longest reported interval being eleven years. [Four] In some cases, patients with an underlying malignancy have been found to have high titers of antiretinal antibodies but no evidence of visual loss. …